THE PLACE OF ANTONYMY IN THE LANGUAGE SYSTEM

Abstract

The article examines the phenomenon of antonymy at various levels of language (phonetic-phonological, morphological, syntactic, lexical-semantic). The main theoretical aspects of antonymy, its logical, linguistic, and psychological foundations are analyzed. Drawing on the works of linguists such as Ferdinand de Saussure and N. Trubetskoy, the oppositional relationships and contrasts of linguistic units are revealed. The emergence of antonyms, their semantic structure, function in texts, and semantic role in context are studied. Additionally, the formation of antonymy in human consciousness, the influence of extralinguistic factors, and its place as a linguistic universal are considered. The article provides a comprehensive understanding of antonymy and its application in various fields of linguistics. The research employed synchronic and diachronic analysis, as well as phonological, morphological, syntactic, and lexico-semantic methods. The role and significance of antonymic oppositions in texts are clearly demonstrated. In this study, the phenomenon of antonymy is analyzed through examples taken from the works of Karakalpak writers and poets. The article examines the occurrence of antonyms in Karakalpak literature, their semantic structure, and function in texts. The use of words with opposite meanings in literary works, their emotional-expressive effect, and their role in sharpening thoughts are clearly illustrated.