ECONOMIC POTENTIAL OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES IN KAZAKHSTAN: INTEGRATION INTO A SUSTAINABLE ENERGY STRATEGY

Abstract

The article examines the economic potential of developing alternative energy sources in the Republic of Kazakhstan, with a focus on integrating renewable and conventional sources to ensure energy sustainability. The study analyzes the country’s geographical and resource advantages, including the potential of wind, solar, hydro, and geothermal energy, as well as the use of gas and coal power plants incorporating carbon-neutral technologies. Special attention is paid to the economic aspects—investment attractiveness, return-on-investment models, and the multiplier effect for regional development. The results show that the development of alternative energy can become a key driver for economic diversification and the reduction of dependence on fossil fuels. The integration of renewable energy sources into the national energy system represents a strategic direction toward achieving sustainable development goals and ensuring Kazakhstan’s energy security